Percy Jackson is the eponymous hero of the best-selling Percy Jackson and the Olympians series by Rick Riordan.He made his debut in The Lightning Thief at just 12 years old, where he discovered the shocking truth about his parentage: He is a demigod, the son of a mortal woman and the god Poseidon. Beyond his own series, he was one of …page 1 of 380. ric k riorda n miramax books hyperio n books for children new yorkPercy Jackson and The Olympians | Teaser | Disney+. Disney Plus. 9.4M views 6 months ago. Percy Jackson and The Olympians Trailer Song. OP Music. 165K …This article is about the book series, Percy Jackson and the Olympians. You may be looking for the character, video game, the film adaptation, film soundtrack, or the television series. Percy Jackson and the Olympians is the second book series written by Rick Riordan, (the first being his Tres Navarres series for adult readers) and the predecessor …Dec 21, 2023 · Now 27% Off. $7 at Amazon $9 at Bookshop.org $9 at Bookshop. Credit: Disney Hyperion. This one takes place in a location already known to fans of Percy Jackson (and Greek myth): They're back in ... Get an exclusive Surfshark deal! Enter promo code MEYERS for an extra 6 MONTHS FREE at https://surfshark.deals/MEYERSwatch my other Percy Jackson videos:Perc...The Wristwatch Shield was a gift given to Percy Jackson from his Cyclops half-brother, Tyson. It was made by the Cyclops from his tinkering metal, and was mentioned to have a wristwatch disguise, excellent detail, and great strength. It is a shield that is magically encased within a watch. When the button on the side of the watch is pressed, a full shield …This collection includes tales of Percy and Annabeth’s escape from Alcatraz, Leo’s search for a mysterious artifact, and even a story about Percy’s sword, Riptide. To fully appreciate the nuances and references in “The Demigod Diaries,” it’s best to read it after “The Heroes of Olympus” series.⚠️Spoilers fir like every book but kinda major ones for the hoO series. every meme is from Pinterest and will be played for 2,5 seconds #riordanverse #hoo #p...Dec 19, 2023 · Percy Jackson. Percy Jackson & the Olympians. The Lightning Thief (2005) The Sea of Monsters (2006) The Titan’s Curse (2007) The Battle of the Labyrinth (2008) The Last Olympian (2009) make up ... The Battle of the Labyrinth (Percy Jackson and the Olympians Book 4) by Rick Riordan. Percy is back in the fourth book of the Percy Jackson and the Olympians series and this is my son’s favorite book in the series. Percy and his demigod friends must enter the Labyrinth to stop Kronos’s invading army. #5. The fact that author Rick Riordan is involved with the TV series adaptation of Percy Jackson and the Olympians should be reason enough to give the series a chance. —Danielle Solzman, Solzy at the Movies. Percy Jackson and the Olympians is the perfect adaptation. It’s faithful to the source material but still leaves room for surprises.Dec 20, 2023 · What makes Percy Jackson such a hit with readers, young and old alike, is the way Riordan manages to transform millennia-old stories into modern, digestible and fun adventures. Percy Jackson, now a high school senior, needs three recommendation letters from the Greek gods in order to get into New Rome University. He earned his first one by retrieving Ganymede’s chalice. Now the goddess Hecate has offered Percy another “opportunity”—all he has to do is pet sit her polecat, Gale, and mastiff, Hecuba, over ... Also known as Percy Jackson & the Olympians, the book series by Rick Riordan is a fantasy series about a young man called Percy Jackson. One day, after being attacked by a Minotaur, Percy discovers that he is a demigod, the son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea. His life changes completely as he finds himself at Camp Half …El momento que estabáis esperando ⚡️Percy Jackson + #DisneyPlus + #D23Expo.Síguenos en Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/waltdisneystudiosesSíguenos en Twit... Rick Riordan is the creator of the award-winning, bestselling Percy Jackson series and the thrilling Kane Chronicles series. According to Rick, the idea for the Percy Jackson stories was inspired by his son Haley. But rumour has it that Camp Half-Blood actually exists, and Rick spends his summers there recording the adventures of young demigods. William Andrew Solace is a sixteen year old[1] Greek demigod, the son of Apollo and Naomi Solace. He is a minor character in Percy Jackson and the Olympians and a recurring character in The Heroes of Olympus and The Trials of Apollo, and the deuteragonist of The Sun and the Star: A Nico di Angelo Adventure. Will is the current head counselor of … Percy Jackson & the Olympians (also known as Percy Jackson) is a two-film series based on the novel series of the same name by the author Rick Riordan. The series was distributed by 20th Century Fox, produced by 1492 Pictures and consists of two installments. The first film, Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (2010), was ... Charles "Charlie" Beckendorf was a Greek demigod son of Hephaestus. He was the head counselor of Cabin 9 at Camp Half-Blood and the boyfriend of Silena Beauregard before his death, which occurred when the Princess Andromeda blew up during a mission with Percy Jackson, shortly before the Battle of Manhattan. Beckendorf sacrificed himself in the …The fifth book in the bestselling Percy Jackson and the Olympians series. Now with a new cover look! Discover the story behind the Disney+ series. If you like horror shows, blood baths, lying, stealing, backstabbing, and cannibalism, then read on. . . Take this quiz to find out which Percy Jackson character you share the most similarities with.Back in 2019, when we were beginning to explore the idea of a new Percy Jackson adaption, I pitched an idea to Disney that I hoped might convince them to move things along. If they’d help me get a live-action series off the ground, I would be willing to write a new Percy Jackson novel, or even several, which Disney Publishing could …Percy Jackson and the Olympians is a television series based on the novel series of the same name by Rick Riordan who co-created the series with Jonathan E. Steinberg. It is produced by the Gotham Group, Mythomagic, Inc, Quaker Moving Pictures and 20th Television.[1] The series premiered on December 19, 2023.[2] Production for the second …Mar 13, 2021 - Explore Kendall's board "Percy Jackson Aesthetic" on Pinterest. See more ideas about percy jackson, aesthetic, jackson.I first began reading Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief by Rick Riordan when I was a freshman in high school. The pairing of ancient mythological lore and the all-too-relevant struggles of growing up made the entire series undeniable. Like Percy, my place in the world seemed uncertain. While I did not have to face down Medusa, the …El momento que estabáis esperando ⚡️Percy Jackson + #DisneyPlus + #D23Expo.Síguenos en Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/waltdisneystudiosesSíguenos en Twit...Find out which character you are from the Rick Riordan series Percy Jackson and the Olympians and Heroes of Olympus Published May 29, 2019 · Updated May 29, 2019 May 29, 2019 · 24,116 takers ReportSep 14, 2023 · Percy Jackson and Annabeth Chase meet Carter and Sadie Kane in Demigods & Magicians, a book of three short stories. You need to have read both The Kane Chronicles and Percy Jackson and the Olympians/The Heroes of Olympus before. ѱ. Magic, monsters, and mayhem abound when Percy Jackson and Annabeth Chase meet Carter and Sadie Kane for the first ... Personality tests -» Are you this Star / Figure? -» Book characters -» Percy Jackson -» Cabin. Which Percy Jackson Cabin Do I Belong In? Quiz. 10 Questions - Developed by: Zachary. - Updated on: 2023-09-21 - 409,359 taken - User Rating: 3.8 of 5 - 12 votes - 215 people like it. Dive into the world of demigods and discover your true lineage!1. Who is Percy Jackson’s father? Reveal Answer. 2. What is the title of the first book in the Percy Jackson series? Reveal Answer. 3. Which camp do demigods attend during the summer? Reveal Answer.It's the 21st century, but the gods of Mount Olympus and assorted monsters have walked out of the pages of high school student Percy Jackson's Greek mytholog... Timeline. This article is written from a real world point of view. This is an in-series timeline of Rick Riordan's books in the in-universe chronological order in which they are set. Some books and short stories are set around or at roughly the same time. Note: This is a timeline for the stories written by Rick Riordan himself, and thus do not ... The Battle of the Labyrinth is an American fantasy-adventure novel based on Greek mythology written by Rick Riordan.It is the fourth novel in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series. The novel was first published in … The “Percy Jackson” movie series is based on the best-selling book series of the same name, following the story of Poseidon’s son, Percy Jackson, as he goes on extraordinary adventures. The first one was directed by Chris Columbus and was released a decade ago, and was a massive hit among the audience. The second movie was released three ... Percy Jackson Series Story Summary “Percy Jackson and the Olympians” is a five-book fantasy series written by Rick Riordan, following the adventures of Percy Jackson, a twelve-year-old boy who discovers he is a demigod – the human son of the Greek god Poseidon. Throughout the series, Percy embarks on various quests to …Sep 14, 2023 · Percy Jackson and Annabeth Chase meet Carter and Sadie Kane in Demigods & Magicians, a book of three short stories. You need to have read both The Kane Chronicles and Percy Jackson and the Olympians/The Heroes of Olympus before. ѱ. Magic, monsters, and mayhem abound when Percy Jackson and Annabeth Chase meet Carter and Sadie Kane for the first ... Sep 14, 2023 · Percy Jackson and Annabeth Chase meet Carter and Sadie Kane in Demigods & Magicians, a book of three short stories. You need to have read both The Kane Chronicles and Percy Jackson and the Olympians/The Heroes of Olympus before. ѱ. Magic, monsters, and mayhem abound when Percy Jackson and Annabeth Chase meet Carter and Sadie Kane for the first ... The Percy Jackson Coloring Book. Demigods, brandish your crayons! Over the past decade, millions of young readers, parents, and teachers have come to adore Rick Riordan’s classic series Percy Jackson and the Olympians, which made… Read …Back in 2019, when we were beginning to explore the idea of a new Percy Jackson adaption, I pitched an idea to Disney that I hoped might convince them to move things along. If they’d help me get a live-action series off the ground, I would be willing to write a new Percy Jackson novel, or even several, which Disney Publishing could …Jackson is a name I've always been fond of. My grandfather's nickname was Jack. Also, Jackson was the name of my protagonist in the adult mystery series I began writing in 1997, which featured private eye Jackson "Tres" Navarre. I just thought it sounded good with Percy. Annabeth is a name I made up.Clarisse is a daughter of Ares and a bully in Camp Half-Blood. Dior Goodjohn portrays the character. While walking through the camp, Percy experiences a confrontation when Clarisse shoves him and mockingly references his supposed defeat of the minotaur. Luke steps in to explain that Clarisse is one of Ares’ children, the God of …242. Tags TV Show Percy Jackson And The Olympians Minotaur. [4k Ultra HD All Sizes 100% Free Crop And Personalize]: Immerse yourself in the world of Percy Jackson and the Olympians with stunning 4k Ultra HD desktop wallpapers. Bring the magic to your screen with high-resolution images that capture the essence of this beloved series.Percy Jackson's Greek Gods by Rick Riordan. Topics Mythological, Fantasy, Entertainment Collection opensource Language English. In this book, Percy Jackson tells of all the gods and certain myths on them. (Book contains sexual content.) Addeddate 2017-10-30 12:11:24 Identifier This article is about the book series, Percy Jackson and the Olympians. You may be looking for the character, video game, the film adaptation, film soundtrack, or the television series. Percy Jackson and the Olympians is the second book series written by Rick Riordan, (the first being his Tres Navarres series for adult readers) and the predecessor of The Heroes of Olympus books. The series ... Percy Jackson And The Bronze Dragon. Percy Jackson And The Sword Of Hades. The Ultimate Guide. The Lightning Thief (Graphic Novel) The Son Of Sobek. Demigods And Monsters. The Sea Of Monsters (Graphic Novel) Percy Jackson And The Singer Of Apollo. The Titan’s Curse (Graphic Novel) Want to discover art related to percy_jackson? Check out amazing percy_jackson artwork on DeviantArt. Get inspired by our community of talented artists.Percy Jackson, Annabeth, and most of the characters in Camp Half-Blood are demigods. That means their parents are half-mortal, half-god. For instance, Percy’s father is Zeus (Jupiter), the god of thunder. That is while his mother is Sally Jackson. In the PJO series, demigods are in danger—because monsters constantly try to hunt them down.Also known as Percy Jackson & the Olympians, the book series by Rick Riordan is a fantasy series about a young man called Percy Jackson. One day, after being attacked by a Minotaur, Percy discovers that he is a demigod, the son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea. His life changes completely as he finds himself at Camp Half …Description []. Hellhounds are children of the goddess Nyx and Cerberus, the guard dog of the Underworld.They are feared by demigods save for children of Hades and other chthonic deities. Percy Jackson and the Olympians [] The Lightning Thief []. Just after Percy's first capture the flag game, he is attacked and almost killed by a hellhound, which is …Perseus "Percy" Jackson is the main character and narrator of Rick Riordan's Percy Jackson & the Olympians series. He is a demigod, meaning he is half-mortal and half god.His father is Poseidon, the god of the sea, and his mother is the mortal Sally Jackson.. First introduced in The Lightning Thief as a troubled twelve-year old who finds out that he …A series of fantasy novels by Rick Riordan about Percy Jackson, a half-blood who travels across the United States to save the world from the Titans. Explore the books, the …Back in 2019, when we were beginning to explore the idea of a new Percy Jackson adaption, I pitched an idea to Disney that I hoped might convince them to move things along. If they’d help me get a live-action series off the ground, I would be willing to write a new Percy Jackson novel, or even several, which Disney Publishing could …The next Percy Jackson adventure, WRATH OF THE TRIPLE GODDESS, now has cover art, as first revealed by The Hollywood Reporter. The book will be published in North America and in the UK markets on Sept. 24, which means I really have to finish revising it. Yikes! But don’t worry, I’m pretty much on track compared to my usual writing …With over 110 million hours* streamed to date, the Disney+ series “Percy Jackson and the Olympians” has been officially renewed for a second season. The announcement was made today by Bob Iger, Chief Executive Officer, The Walt Disney Company, during the company’s first quarter earnings call for the fiscal year 2024. The …Percy Jackson: Complete Series Box Set. Paperback – January 1, 2013. All five books in the blockbuster Percy Jackson and the Olympians series, have been collected in a boxed set fit for demigods. This value-priced set includes the best-selling The Lightning Thief, The Sea of Monsters, The Titan's Curse, The Battle of the Labyrinth, …1. Who is Percy Jackson’s father? Reveal Answer. 2. What is the title of the first book in the Percy Jackson series? Reveal Answer. 3. Which camp do demigods attend during the summer? Reveal Answer.One Piece Season 2 is reportedly set for a 2025 premiere after Netflix added Percy Jackson and the Olympians co-executive producer Joe Tracz as co-showrunner. …I first began reading Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief by Rick Riordan when I was a freshman in high school. The pairing of ancient mythological lore and the all-too-relevant struggles of growing up made the entire series undeniable. Like Percy, my place in the world seemed uncertain. While I did not have to face down Medusa, the … Rick Riordan is the creator of the award-winning, bestselling Percy Jackson series and the thrilling Kane Chronicles series. According to Rick, the idea for the Percy Jackson stories was inspired by his son Haley. But rumour has it that Camp Half-Blood actually exists, and Rick spends his summers there recording the adventures of young demigods. Percy Jackson, now a high school senior, needs three recommendation letters from the Greek gods in order to get into New Rome University. He earned his first one by retrieving Ganymede’s chalice. Now the goddess Hecate has offered Percy another “opportunity”—all he has to do is pet sit her polecat, Gale, and mastiff, Hecuba, over ... The next Percy Jackson adventure, WRATH OF THE TRIPLE GODDESS, now has cover art, as first revealed by The Hollywood Reporter. The book will be published in North America and in the UK markets on Sept. 24, which means I really have to finish revising it. Yikes! But don’t worry, I’m pretty much on track compared to my usual writing …Percy Jackson and the Olympians & Related Fandoms - All Media Types; Percy Jackson and the Olympians - Rick Riordan; Relationships: Thalia Grace/Percy Jackson; Annabeth Chase/Percy Jackson; Piper McLean/Leo Valdez; Sally Jackson/Poseidon (Percy Jackson) Percy Jackson/Zoë Nightshade; Original Characters/Gods&Goddesses; … Percy Jackson & the Olympians (also known as Percy Jackson) is a two-film series based on the novel series of the same name by the author Rick Riordan. The series was distributed by 20th Century Fox, produced by 1492 Pictures and consists of two installments. The first film, Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (2010), was ... Jan 11, 2024 · Here is a complete list of Percy Jackson books in order. Last update: January 11, 2024. 1. The Lightning Thief (2005) "If my life is going to mean anything, I have to live it myself." "The Lightning Thief" by Rick Riordan is a thrilling and immersive adventure, following Percy Jackson, a twelve-year-old boy with dyslexia and ADHD, as he ... 1-8. 30 Jan 24. The Prophecy Comes True. Specials. S01. 1-0. 30 Jan 24. A Hero's Journey: The Making of Percy Jackson and the Olympians. A guide listing the titles AND air dates for episodes of the TV series Percy Jackson and the Olympians.Learn How to Draw Percy Jackson. Grab your pen and paper and follow along as I guide you through these step by step drawing instructions. Check out my Playli...Percy Jackson and the Olympians is a new television adaptation of Rick Riordan's book series of the same name. The first two books were previously adadpted into movies, though the films won't ... Welcome to the beginning of Percy Jackson’s new life, a life where Greek mythology intersects modern day, where ADHD is an asset not a disorder, and where dangerous quests are the most sought-after activity. With his best friends Annabeth Chase, intimidating and intelligent daughter of Athena, and Grover Underwood, omnivorous half-man, half ... This article is about the character. You may be looking for the character from the TV series. Sally Jackson-Blofis is the mortal mother of Greek demigod Percy Jackson and his mortal maternal half-sister Estelle Blofis. She is the widow of Gabe Ugliano and is currently married to Paul Blofis. Sally was born from Jim and Estelle Jackson. When she was five years …7.1K. 1.1M views 14 years ago. It's the 21st century, but the gods of Mount Olympus and assorted monsters have walked out of the pages of high school student …Percy Jackson and the Olympians is a fantasy adventure television series produced for the streaming service Disney+. It is based on the young adult novels of Rick Riordan, who takes on the role of executive producer of the series and co-writer of the pilot.Apr 18, 2023 · Percy Jackson and the Olympians Series was written by Rick Riordan. He has found great success thanks to his fantasy novels and the first two Percy Jackson books were adapted into films. Additionally, the Olympians series was turned into a graphic novel illustrated by John Rocco, and a TV series based on the books is currently being produced by ... Percy Jackson and the Olympians. The series that started it all. Follow the demigod son of Poseidon and his friends on a quest that will have them meeting gods, battling monsters, and taking on the Titans from Greek mythology. View Series. The Kane Chronicles. The Heroes of Olympus The Last Olympian The Heroes of Olympus should be read in the order of release date. Book Title. Release Date. The Lost Hero. October 12, 2010. The Son of Neptune. October 4 ... GIPHY is the platform that animates your world. Find the GIFs, Clips, and Stickers that make your conversations more positive, more expressive, and more you. Welcome to the beginning of Percy Jackson’s new life, a life where Greek mythology intersects modern day, where ADHD is an asset not a disorder, and where dangerous quests are the most sought-after activity. With his best friends Annabeth Chase, intimidating and intelligent daughter of Athena, and Grover Underwood, omnivorous half-man, half ... That’s the built-in audience for this show already, as the musical is based on Rick Riordan’s best-selling series of Percy Jackson books for pre- and young teens. …Percy Jackson and the Olympians & Related Fandoms - All Media Types; Characters: Percy Jackson; Artemis (Percy Jackson) The Hunters of Artemis (Percy Jackson) Athena (Percy Jackson) Hera (Percy Jackson) Hestia (Percy Jackson) Demeter (Percy Jackson) Bastet; Additional Tags: Rape/Non-con Elements; Creampie; …Percy Jackson and the Olympians’ TV show ultimately stays faithful to the book regarding the shocking twist of who stole Zeus’ Master Bolt, proving various characters' theories wrong.Though book readers or those who have seen the 2010 Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief movie already know the thief’s identity, the mystery …Free Online Percy Jackson Roleplaying Game. Ever wondered what it was like to be a Demigod? To go on dangerous quests with your friends, and make amazing memories traveling the world with the guidance of a god's whisper? Then come train at Camp Half-blood where heroes such as Percy Jackson, and Annabeth Chase trained.Percy Jackson and the Olympians. Watch Percy Jackson and the Olympians with a subscription on Disney+. Percy Jackson is on a dangerous quest. Outrunning monsters … Percy Jackson and the Olympians is a middle-grade Urban Fantasy series by Rick Riordan based on Greek mythology. It spawned The Camp Half-Blood Series and eventually the Riordanverse; the Sequel Series, The Heroes of Olympus and The Trials of Apollo have their own pages. In the books the Greek gods have moved to the United States, and their ...
Percy Jackson and the Olympians is a television series based on the novel series of the same name by Rick Riordan who co-created the series with Jonathan E. Steinberg. It is produced by the Gotham Group, Mythomagic, Inc, Quaker Moving Pictures and 20th Television.[1] The series premiered on December 19, 2023.[2] Production for the second …. Matchtime
Rick Riordan (www.rickriordan.com) is the author of the # 1 New York Times best-selling Percy Jackson and the Olympians series, as well as the #1 best-selling The Heroes of Olympus series, and The Kane Chronicles series. His previous novels for adults include the hugely popular Tres Navarre series, winner of the top three awards in the … The “Percy Jackson” movie series is based on the best-selling book series of the same name, following the story of Poseidon’s son, Percy Jackson, as he goes on extraordinary adventures. The first one was directed by Chris Columbus and was released a decade ago, and was a massive hit among the audience. The second movie was released three ... A collection of the top 38 Percy Jackson Laptop wallpapers and backgrounds available for download for free. We hope you enjoy our growing collection of HD images to use as a background or home screen for your smartphone or computer. Please contact us if you want to publish a Percy Jackson Laptop wallpaper on our site. 1920x1080 Camps Jackson …Percy Jackson and the Olympians episode 3 contained a handful of huge reveals that impact the overall story of the show as well as its central characters. After the story of Percy Jackson episodes 1 and 2, the show immediately picked up with the beginning of Percy's quest.The titular demigod is being sent on a journey to the …Poseidon is the god of the sea, storms, earthquakes, floods, and horses! He is also the sire of all Pegasus and Cyclops, but he only has one demi-god child in the book series, Percy Jackson. Notable Campers: Percy Jackson! Percy, one could argue, is the MOST prominent camper. His half-brother Tidus (a Cyclops), at times, spends summers …Reyna to Nico after the two camps form an alliance in The Blood of Olympus.We had one home. Now we have two. Reyna Avila Ramírez-Arellano[1] is a Roman demigod, the daughter of Bellona, younger sister of the current Queen of the Amazons, Hylla. She is a former praetor of Camp Jupiter, and is currently a Hunter of Artemis. Even though Reyna …Jan 12, 2023 · There are two Percy Jackson movies. The first film, "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief," was released in 2010 and notably starred Logan Lerman and Alexandra Daddario. The sequel ... Timeline. This article is written from a real world point of view. This is an in-series timeline of Rick Riordan's books in the in-universe chronological order in which they are set. Some books and short stories are set around or at roughly the same time. Note: This is a timeline for the stories written by Rick Riordan himself, and thus do not ... Percy Jackson and the Olympians cast members reveal their dream castings for the Disney+ show's upcoming second season.. During a panel discussion at the Television Critics Association press tour (per ET), the stars of Percy Jackson and the Olympians, Walker Scobell (Percy), Leah Sava Jeffries (Annabeth) and Aryan Simhadri …Percy Jackson and the Olympians. Seasons Years Top-rated; 1 2; Top-rated. S1.E1 ∙ I Accidentally Vaporize My Pre-Algebra Teacher. Tue, Dec 19, 2023. Expelled from school, Percy Jackson unravels who he is, confronting a world of gods and monsters. 7.3 /10 (4.8K) Rate. Top-rated. Timeline. This article is written from a real world point of view. This is an in-series timeline of Rick Riordan's books in the in-universe chronological order in which they are set. Some books and short stories are set around or at roughly the same time. Note: This is a timeline for the stories written by Rick Riordan himself, and thus do not ... This collection includes tales of Percy and Annabeth’s escape from Alcatraz, Leo’s search for a mysterious artifact, and even a story about Percy’s sword, Riptide. To fully appreciate the nuances and references in “The Demigod Diaries,” it’s best to read it after “The Heroes of Olympus” series.Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (also known as Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief) is a 2010 action fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and written ….